Establishment of Efficient Regeneration System of Populus×euramericana cl.‘Bofeng’

Compared with the species of Leuce section,the difficulty in plant regeneration during tissue culture for the species of Aigeiros section is a key limiting factor for their application in genetic engineering of forest trees.In this study,the plant growth regulators combination,copper concentration,light intensity,and the selection pressures of kanamycin were investigated using leaves of Populus×euramericana cl.’Bofeng’ as explants,and a stable and high efficient regeneration system was established.Using this system,both the shoot regeneration rate and rooting rate were up to 100%,and the average number of differentiated shoots in each leaf explant was up to 20,and the survival rate of seedlings reached 98%.The optimal selection pressure of kanamycin in shoot inducement for leaf-explant was 40 mg·L^-1,and the optimal selection pressure of kanamycin in root inducement of adventitious bud was 20 mg·L^-1.The authors also found that differentiation rate of adventitious buds of P.×euramericana cl.’Bofeng’ could be significantly promoted by increased copper concentration,and this is the first report about the key role of copper（Cu） in explant regeneration of Poplars.This regeneration system with high frequency which was established by the authors was as good as that of species of Leuce section,and it provides a good technological platform for genetic engineering of forest tree which uses the species of Aigeiros section as model materials.     

从教育券到教育卡：农民工随迁子女入学问题破解新思路

农民工随迁子女教育问题是当前一个亟待解决的社会难题。由于国家实施＂两为主＂政策,致使流入地政府承受着巨大的财政压力,在解决农民工随迁子女教育问题上心有余而力不足。而近年来引进的＂教育券＂制度,在实际工作中也存在一定的局限性。基于由国家、流出地政府、流入地政府按一定比例共同承担农民工随迁子女义务教育经费的理论,提出的＂教育卡＂新构想,则可以从操作层面较好地解决教育经费承担的一系列问题。     

从个案调查辨析改进院校图书馆管理服务

通过对某专业院校图书馆文献借阅情况调查,就改进院校图书馆管理,优化读者服务谈了一些看法。侧重于研究教学型的专业院校图书馆作讨论。     

农民土地利用偏好与地域性认同的相关性

从农民土地利用偏好以及居民地域性认同出发,将农民土地利用偏好分为农业生产功能偏好和经济生产功能偏好2类;并运用数学方法求取居民地域性认同综合指数,建立Logistic二项回归模型,研究农民土地利用偏好和居民地域性认同的相关性。结果表明,地域性认同程度高的农民更偏好于土地的经济生产功能。地方在开展土地整理或制定土地利用计划时,可根据当地居民地域性认同程度选择增大农地面积或是商铺、工厂的面积,提高人民的满意度。     

河南省博爱县竹林经济现状与发展对策

博爱竹林是我国北方地区成林分布纬度最高、面积最大、品种最多的人工竹林.文章概述了博爱县竹林经济的发展现状,分析了存在问题,提出了发展对策.     

林改背景下林业经营方式转型升级的探讨——以浙江省诸暨市林农创业的实践为例

以浙江省诸暨市为例,对林改背景下林业经营方式转型升级进行了探讨,从整体看,初步形成了"政府搭台+龙头企业带动+合作社互助+林农家庭参与"的林业生产发展方式;从个体看,林农创业也逐步从传统的家庭型创业转向多种形式的现代经营方式创业。经营方式的转型升级为林农创业致富起到了积极的推动作用。     

Changes in NMR Relaxation of Rice Grains,Kernel Quality and Physicochemical Properties in Response to a High Temperature after Flowering in Heat-Tolerant and Heat-Sensitive Rice Cultivars

Abstract

Rice productivity is related to the ability of plants to adapt to heat stress. The heat-tolerant cultivars ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’ and heat-sensitive cultivar ‘Hinohikari’ were grown at 30ºC and 25ºC for 49 days after flowering. At 30ºC, only a few white immature kernels were produced in ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’, but about 22% of grains had immature kernels in ‘Hinohikari’. The high temperature(30ºC) caused no significant changes in grain dry weight, water content, and the NMR T₁ value during the early ripening stage in ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’. It also did not affect grain development, especially with respect to the nucellar epidermis, in ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’, but caused clear cessation of development of the nucellar epidermis at 14 days after flowering in ‘Hinohikari’. In addition, high temperature decreased the amylose content and increased hardnessvs. adhesion ratio of cooked rice in both ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’ resulting a softer, less sticky texture, but not in ‘Hinohikari’. The maximum viscosity and breakdown values were increased, and final viscosity decreased at 30ºC in all three cultivars. These results suggested that starch in the endosperm of grains changed from a fluid state to a doughy state more slowly in ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’ than in ‘Hinohikari’, in which the water content and NMR relaxation time decreased, and transported assimilates accumulated slowly during grain development.     

Near-shore distribution of Heaviside’s (Cephalorhynchus heavisidii) and dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) at the southern limit of their range in South Africa

Photo-identification surveys over three years along 390 km of coastline north of Cape Town, revealed that Heaviside’s dolphin distribution was consistent between years and higher in areas more exposed to swells and with greater long-term availability of small hake Merluccius capensis (their principal prey). Dusky dolphin sighting rates varied considerably between years, but were generally higher in areas with lower hake availability and sandier shores (mostly straighter coastline). Large groups of 50–200 dusky dolphins were only seen in St Helena Bay, the site of a wind-driven upwelling zone. Heaviside’s dolphins were found in shallower, cooler water than dusky dolphins and were more likely to be seen during brighter phases of the moon (when nocturnal light conditions may influence the vertical migration patterns of prey) and in areas of high hake abundance. Near-shore fishing activity was higher in the northern half of the study area and clustered around harbours. Set netting occurred only at Yzerfontein and St Helena Bay, but due to changes in the industry is currently thought to be a low threat to the population. Interactions between Heaviside’s and dusky dolphins were usually neutral and sympatry appears to be mediated by differences in overall range and the type and size of prey species taken.     

Rootstock influence on ‘delicious’ and ‘golden delicious’ apple fruit quality at harvest and after storage

The influence of 9 rootstocks (M2, M7, M25, M26, MM104, MM106, MM109, MM111 and seedling) on fruit quality at harvest and after storage of ‘Wellspur Delicious’ (WS) and ‘Goldspur’ (GS), and of 3 rootstocks (M7, M26 and MM106) on fruit quality of ‘Red King Delicious’ (RK) and ‘Golden Delicious’ (GD) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) was evaluated during a 4-year period. Fruits from trees on M26 were larger, developed earlier color and soluble solids (SS), and maintained higher levels of acidity (at harvest and during storage) in comparison with other rootstocks. Fruit from trees on M2 tended to have high SS. Fruit color from trees on MM104, MM106 and MM109 tended to be comparatively poor. There were significant rootstock effects on SS, starch, acidity, color, circumference, weight and box size.     

A comparison of the response of different citrus fruit cultivars to storage temperature

A comparison was made of the response to storage temperatures (0–17°C) of grapefruit ‘Shamouti’ and ‘Valencia’ oranges, and lemon fruit. There was no chilling injury (CI) and the incidence of rot was relatively low at 12°C or higher for all cultivars. At low storage temperatures, however, pitting and subsequent rot development in grapefruit and in ‘Shamouti’ and ‘Valencia’ oranges were highest at 6°C, while in lemon the incidence of these disorders rose with the decrease in storage temperature, and was highest at 2°C. Grapefruit and ‘Shamouti’ oranges exhibited the highest susceptibility to CI, lemon showed an intermediate susceptibility, and ‘Valencia’ orange a very low one. In grapefruit, severe peel pittings that developed in cold storage were covered by mold rots during cold storage and shelf-life, but in ‘Valencia’ and particularly in ‘Shamouti’ oranges the incidence of decay during cold storage was low. During shelf-life, a pronounced CI-induced increase in the incidence of mold rots was evident. This breakdown during shelf-life may be associated with microscopic peel injuries which are formed during cold storage and covered by mold rots during shelf-life. Increased susceptibility of the cultivar to CI could be correlated with an increase in ethanol content at low temperatures.